Expressions of Obligations
In order to express the idea of obligation, to talk about rules, duties, or orders, to give strong advice to other people or to ourselves, must, have (got) to, should and ought to are used.
a. Positive Obligations
S + Must + V1
Examples:
§ You must go now.
§ I must save my
money.
S +
Have/Has to + V1
Examples:
§ You have to come
on time.
§ He has to meet
the manager at 7 a.m
S +
Need to + V1
§ I need to visit
the landslide victims.
§ He needs to look
at the map.
b. Negative Obligations
S + Must not + V1
Example:
§ You must not
smoke here.
c. No Obligation
S + don’t have to
+ V1
Example:
§ You don’t have to
go to school because it’s a holiday.
S +
don’t need to + V1
Example:
§ You don’t need to
do it.
d. Past Obligation
S + had to + V1
Example:
§ I had to take
part in the meeting last night.
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